The Code of Civil Procedure in Hungary has been amended with effect from September 1, 1995 to allow for the availability of preliminary injunctions in infringement as well as unfair competition cases. A motion for preliminary injunction may be made at the commencement of a legal action, provided that a written claim has first been filed, and the motion is subject to an inter partes hearing, or may be made ex parte if extraordinary circumstances exist. The court may also require payment of security as a precondition to granting the preliminary injunction.