In Forschner Group, Inc. v. Arrow Trading Co., the Court of Appeals for
the Second Circuit held that the term "Swiss Army knife" is not geographically
descriptive of high quality, multi-function knives made in Switzerland. Thus,
it does not constitute false advertising for a competitor to use the term
"Swiss Army knife" to describe a low quality imitation made in China.
The plaintiff, Forschner Group, is the United States distributor for one of
the two Swiss companies which manufacture and supply to the Swiss Armed Forces
the distinctive, red, multi-function pocket knives known throughout the world
as "Swiss Army knives". Neither Swiss manufacturer has ever attempted to
obtain trademark protection for the term "Swiss Army" for knives. However,
when the defendant, Arrow Trading Co., began importing from China inferior
quality pocket knives bearing the words "Swiss Army" embossed on a similar red
handle, Forschner brought suit for false advertising and unfair competition.
Relying on the results of the plaintiff's survey which showed that over a
third of the respondents believed "Swiss Army knives" were manufactured in
Switzerland and were of high quality, the district court concluded that Arrow's
description of its inferior, Chinese-made knives as "Swiss Army knives"
constituted false designations of geographic origin and of high quality.
In vacating and remanding the lower court ruling, the appellate court pointed
out that the term "Swiss Army knife" does not explicitly indicate geographic
origin, as would be the case if the term at issue were "Swiss knife". Thus,
the court held that, while the term "Swiss Army knife" "evokes" a geographic
association, "[t]he phrase Swiss Army knife cannot fairly be read to say 'made
in Switzerland' so as to be geographically descriptive." Therefore, the
defendant's use of the term for an imitation knife made in China is not
geographically deceptive. Moreover, because the term "Swiss Army knife" does
not designate exclusively Swiss manufacture, no misdescription as to "Swiss
quality" was possible.
The court, however, refused to enter judgment in favor of the defendant.
Rather, the court noted that, even if the term "Swiss Army knife" is generic
for a particular type of multi-function knife, the defendant was still obliged
to use the term in a manner which did not mislead consumers into believing that
the defendant's product was manufactured by its Swiss competitors. The court
therefore remanded the case for a factual determination as to whether the
defendant had sufficiently distinguished its product so as to avoid such
consumer confusion.

